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C2grammar34 soru

Correlative Conjunctions

Hem … hem de, ya … ya da, ne … ne de: bu yapıların İngilizce karşılıkları iki sıkı kurala bağlıdır. Bu sayfada both, either, neither ve not only çiftlerinde koşutluğu, fiilin yakın özneye uymasını ve not only ile gelen devrik yapıyı çalışır, ardından oyunda pratik yaparsın.

Hızlı Öğren

İlişkili bağlaçlar birbirine denk iki öğeyi bağlar; iki parçadan sonra gelen öğeler aynı dilbilgisel türde olmalıdır.

Aklında tut

  • Koşutluk: She speaks not only French but also Spanish.
  • Neither … nor ile fiil yakındaki özneye uyar: Neither the manager nor the staff were told.
  • Not only başa gelince ilk cümle devrik olur: Not only did prices rise, but wages also fell.

Örnekler

  1. 1The prospective clinical trial evaluated not only the pharmacological efficacy of the drug, but also its long-term metabolic safety.
  2. 2Neither the chief executive officer nor the members of the advisory board were informed of the impending forensic audit.

Kaçınılması Gereken Yaygın Tuzak

Neither ile olumsuz fiil kullanma: Neither Ali nor Can didn't come yanlış, Neither Ali nor Can came doğru.

Derinlemesine İncele

Kural

  1. İki parçalı bağlaçlar

    Correlative conjunctions (ilişkili bağlaçlar) iki parçadan oluşur ve birbirine denk iki öğeyi bağlar: both … and, either … or, neither … nor, not only … but also, whether … or. Türkçedeki “hem … hem de”, “ya … ya da”, “ne … ne de” yapılarının karşılığıdır. C2 düzeyinde iki kural bu yapıların doğru kullanımını belirler.

  2. Koşutluk

    (1) Koşutluk (parallelism). Birinci parçadan sonra gelen öğe ile ikinci parçadan sonra gelen öğe aynı dilbilgisel türde olmalıdır. Birinciden sonra mastar geliyorsa ikinciden sonra da mastar gelir: She wants either to study law or to work abroad. Birinciden sonra edat öbeği geliyorsa ikinciden sonra da edat öbeği gelir: not only in Europe but also in Asia. Bağlacın yeri de koşutluğu etkiler: “She not only speaks French but also Spanish” cümlesinde birinci parçadan sonra fiil, ikinciden sonra isim gelir; doğrusu She speaks not only French but also Spanish.

  3. Yakınlık uyumu

    (2) Yakınlık uyumu. Either … or ve neither … nor ile fiil, kendisine en yakın özneye uyar: Neither the manager nor the staff were informed; Neither the staff nor the manager was informed. Both … and ise her zaman çoğul fiil alır.

  4. Not only başta

    Not only cümle başına alındığında ilk cümle devrik olur, ikinci cümle normal sırada kalır: Not only did prices rise, but wages also fell.

Cümlenin anatomisi

Bu dersin cümleleri, İngilizcenin istediği sırayla parçalarına ayrıldı.

  1. ÖzneThe prospective clinical trialFiilevaluatedNesnenot only the pharmacological efficacy of the drug,Nesnebut also its long-term metabolic safety.

  2. VurguNo soonerYardımcı fiilhadÖznethe diplomatic delegatesFiilsignedNesnethe non-proliferation treatyYan cümlethan military incursions were reported in the buffer zone.

  3. VurguSo intenseFiilwasÖznethe international outcry following the reportYan cümlethat the minister had no alternative but to tender his resignation.

Görsel rehber

How to read this C2 topic

At C2, grammar manages nuance: responsibility, irony, concession, distance, rhythm, and dense argument.

1. Read the writer's stance

Advanced forms may signal caution, skepticism, authority, or deliberate distance.

The proposal would appear to be flawed.

2. Recover what is omitted

Ellipsis and compression expect the reader to rebuild missing grammar.

If necessary, revise the clause.

3. Match form to discourse

The most sophisticated option is the one that fits purpose and register.

Little did they realize what followed.

Decision path before answering

Use these checks before choosing between close options.

  1. 1Mark the subject, main verb, object, and any connector.
  2. 2Underline the time expression or discourse clue.
  3. 3Reject any option with the wrong agreement, tense, article, pronoun case, or word order.
  4. 4Read the whole sentence once more for naturalness and register.

Contrasts that often decide the answer

Event or background

Simple forms move events forward; continuous forms show an action in progress.

I left while she was talking.

Fact or stance

Modals, hedges, and reporting structures show how certain or responsible the speaker sounds.

This may indicate a problem.

Clause or compressed phrase

Advanced writing often compresses full clauses into participle, noun, or prepositional phrases.

Having reviewed the data, we revised the plan.

Örnekler

  1. 1The prospective clinical trial evaluated not only the pharmacological efficacy of the drug, but also its long-term metabolic safety.
  2. 2Neither the chief executive officer nor the members of the advisory board were informed of the impending forensic audit.
  3. 3No sooner had the diplomatic delegates signed the non-proliferation treaty than military incursions were reported in the buffer zone.
  4. 4Hardly had the central bank raised baseline interest rates when commercial mortgage lenders increased residential borrowing costs.
  5. 5The committee must decide whether to allocate surplus capital to renewable energy research or to return dividends to shareholders.
  6. 6Both the theoretical simulations conducted in London and the physical experiments conducted in Tokyo yielded identical findings.
  7. 7Scarcely had the keynote speaker commenced her lecture when power failure plunged the entire auditorium into darkness.
  8. 8Neither the environmental impact assessment nor the municipal transportation survey addresses the projected population influx.
  9. 9So intense was the international outcry following the report that the minister had no alternative but to tender his resignation.

İstisnalar

Neither … nor ile resmi yazıda yakınlık uyumu uygulanır, ama tekil ve çoğul öznelerin yan yana gelmesi kulağa tuhaf gelebilir. Bu durumda en iyi çözüm çoğul özneyi fiile yakın koymaktır. Whether … or not yapısında or not bazen atılabilir: I don't know whether she'll come.

Sık yapılan hatalar

  • Koşutluğu bozmak

    Hata

    The course aims not only to teach grammar but also improving writing.

    Doğru

    The course aims not only to teach grammar but also to improve writing.

  • Neither ile olumsuz fiil kullanmak

    Hata

    Neither Ali nor Can didn't come.

    Doğru

    Neither Ali nor Can came.

    Türkçedeki “ne … ne de … gelmedi” yapısı bu hataya yol açar; neither zaten olumsuzdur.

  • Both … and ile tekil fiil kullanmak

    Hata

    Both the price and the quality matters.

    Doğru

    Both the price and the quality matter.

Kısa tekrar

Kendini sınamadan önce dersin özü tek kartta.

Aklında tut

  1. Koşutluk: She speaks not only French but also Spanish.
  2. Neither … nor ile fiil yakındaki özneye uyar: Neither the manager nor the staff were told.
  3. Not only başa gelince ilk cümle devrik olur: Not only did prices rise, but wages also fell.

Sık yapılan hatalar

  • Hata: The course aims not only to teach grammar but also improving writing.

    Doğru: The course aims not only to teach grammar but also to improve writing.

  • Hata: Neither Ali nor Can didn't come.

    Doğru: Neither Ali nor Can came.

  • Hata: Both the price and the quality matters.

    Doğru: Both the price and the quality matter.

Kendini dene

Both, either ve not only ile birer cümle yaz ve iki parçadan sonra gelen öğelerin aynı türde olduğunu kontrol et, sonra bu konuyu pratik et.

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