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C1grammar45 soru

Cleft sentences

Türkçede vurguyu kelime sırasıyla yaparız; İngilizcede bunun için cümleyi ikiye bölen cleft yapılar kullanılır: It was Ali who called, What I need is sleep. Bu sayfada it-cleft, wh-cleft ve all-cleft yapılarını çalışır, ardından oyunda pratik yaparsın.

Hızlı Öğren

Cleft sentence, tek bir cümleyi iki parçaya bölerek bir öğeyi öne çıkarır ve çoğu zaman bir karşıtlık ya da düzeltme yapar.

Aklında tut

  • It-cleft: It + be + vurgulanan öğe + that ya da who: It was the price that surprised me.
  • Wh-cleft asıl bilgiyi sona saklar: What worries me is the deadline.
  • All-cleft “tek … olan” anlamı verir: All I want is a quiet evening.

Örnekler

  1. 1It was her visionary leadership during the crisis that prevented catastrophic financial insolvency.
  2. 2What the intergovernmental panel desperately requires is binding commitment from participating nations.

Kaçınılması Gereken Yaygın Tuzak

It-cleft'te that yerine what kullanma: It was the noise what woke me yanlış, It was the noise that woke me doğru.

Derinlemesine İncele

Kural

  1. Cümleyi ikiye bölüp vurgulamak

    Cleft sentence (yarık cümle), tek bir cümleyi ikiye bölerek bir öğeyi öne çıkarır. Türkçede vurguyu kelime sırası ve tonlamayla yaparız (“Kapıyı Ali açtı”, “Ali kapıyı dün açtı”); İngilizcede kelime sırası sabit olduğu için bu iş özel yapılarla yapılır.

  2. It-cleft

    (1) It-cleft. It + be + vurgulanan öğe + that ya da who cümleciği. Vurgulanan öğe özne (It was my sister who found the keys), nesne (It's the blue one that I want) ya da zarf olabilir (It was only last week that I heard the news). Bu yapı çoğunlukla bir yanlışı düzeltmek ya da karşıtlık kurmak için kullanılır: It was Tom, not Jake, who called.

  3. Wh-cleft

    (2) Wh-cleft (pseudo-cleft). What ile başlayan bir cümlecik, vurgulanacak bilgiyi cümlenin sonuna taşır: What I need is a long holiday. Türkçedeki “İhtiyacım olan şey …” yapısına benzer. Eylemi vurgulamak için do kullanılır: What she did was call the police. Ters wh-cleft aynı bilgiyi başa alır ve daha güçlü bir kapanış sağlar: A long holiday is what I need.

  4. All-cleft ve kalıp cümlecikler

    (3) All-cleft ve kalıp cümlecikler. All “tek istediğim” anlamı verir: All I asked for was a little respect. The reason why, the person who, the place where gibi kalıplar da aynı işi görür: The reason why I left was the noise.

Cümlenin anatomisi

Bu dersin cümleleri, İngilizcenin istediği sırayla parçalarına ayrıldı.

  1. ÖzneItFiilwasVurguher visionary leadership during the crisisYan cümlethat prevented catastrophic financial insolvency.

  2. ÖzneItFiilwasVurguin the historic city of KyotoYan cümlethat the groundbreaking climate protocol was negotiated.

  3. ÖzneItFiilwasVurguthe chief engineer, not the operations manager,Yan cümlewho detected the hazardous coolant leak.

  4. ÖzneWhat the intergovernmental panel desperately requiresFiilisTümleçbinding commitment from participating nations.

Görsel rehber

How to read this C1 topic

At C1, think like an editor: precision, cohesion, stance, information flow, and controlled formality.

1. Track reference

Pronouns, substitution, and ellipsis must point to something recoverable.

I liked the first plan, but not the second.

2. Identify stance

Hedging and modality show how strongly the writer commits.

This may suggest a wider trend.

3. Shape the focus

Clefts, inversion, and nominalization decide what the reader notices first.

It was the timing that surprised us.

English word-order check

Use this path when a sentence feels grammatical but awkward.

  1. 1Find the subject and the finite verb.
  2. 2Keep the verb close to its direct object.
  3. 3Put manner before place before time when several adverbials come at the end.
  4. 4Move time to the front only when it helps the sentence flow.

Contrasts that often decide the answer

Event or background

Simple forms move events forward; continuous forms show an action in progress.

I left while she was talking.

Fact or stance

Modals, hedges, and reporting structures show how certain or responsible the speaker sounds.

This may indicate a problem.

Clause or compressed phrase

Advanced writing often compresses full clauses into participle, noun, or prepositional phrases.

Having reviewed the data, we revised the plan.

Örnekler

  1. 1It was her visionary leadership during the crisis that prevented catastrophic financial insolvency.
  2. 2What the intergovernmental panel desperately requires is binding commitment from participating nations.
  3. 3It was only after the audit was published that the board acknowledged structural accounting deficits.
  4. 4Restoring public confidence in municipal institutions is what the new mayor intends to accomplish first.
  5. 5All the stranded passengers sought was transparent communication regarding their rescheduled flights.
  6. 6It was in the historic city of Kyoto that the groundbreaking climate protocol was negotiated.
  7. 7The reason why the aerospace component failed was micro-fracturing induced by thermal cycling.
  8. 8What surprised the architectural critics most was the minimalist simplicity of the interior pavilion.
  9. 9It was the chief engineer, not the operations manager, who detected the hazardous coolant leak.

İstisnalar

It-cleft'te vurgulanan öğe bir zamir olduğunda resmi İngilizce özne zamirini ve ona uyan fiili kullanır: It is I who am to blame. Günlük konuşmada nesne zamiri ve üçüncü tekil fiil çok daha yaygındır: It's me who's to blame. Eylemi vurgulayan wh-cleft'te be'den sonra to'suz ya da to'lu mastar gelebilir: What he did was (to) apologise.

Sık yapılan hatalar

  • It-cleft'te that ya da who yerine what kullanmak

    Hata

    It was the noise what woke me.

    Doğru

    It was the noise that woke me.

  • Resmi yazıda it-cleft'e where ya da when bağlamak

    Hata

    It was in 2019 when we met.

    Doğru

    It was in 2019 that we met.

    When konuşmada duyulur, ama resmi metinde that tercih edilir.

  • Vurgu gerekmeyen yerde cleft kullanmak

    Her cümleyi cleft yapmak metni ağırlaştırır; yapı yalnızca karşıtlık ya da gerçek bir vurgu varsa kullanılmalıdır.

Kısa tekrar

Kendini sınamadan önce dersin özü tek kartta.

Aklında tut

  1. It-cleft: It + be + vurgulanan öğe + that ya da who: It was the price that surprised me.
  2. Wh-cleft asıl bilgiyi sona saklar: What worries me is the deadline.
  3. All-cleft “tek … olan” anlamı verir: All I want is a quiet evening.

Sık yapılan hatalar

  • Hata: It was the noise what woke me.

    Doğru: It was the noise that woke me.

  • Hata: It was in 2019 when we met.

    Doğru: It was in 2019 that we met.

Kendini dene

Aynı bilgiyi üç farklı öğeyi vurgulayarak üç it-cleft cümlesiyle yaz, sonra bu konuyu pratik et.

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