C1 phrasal verbs
C1Formal, precise and idiomatic: glossing over, hammering out, weeding out.
142 phrasal verbs
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All C1 phrasal verbs
The whole list in one place: what each verb means, how it takes an object, similar words and example sentences.
gloss over
Inseparable · gloss over (something)
avoid discussing a serious problem fully
Palabras parecidas: skate over, play down
- The report may gloss over the losses.
- She glossed over the awkward details.
single out
Separable · single (someone or something) out
choose one person or thing for special attention
Palabras parecidas: pick out, highlight
- The article will single out one policy.
- The teacher singled her out for praise.
spell out
Separable · spell (something) out
explain something clearly and in detail
Palabras parecidas: explain, make explicit
- The contract should spell out every duty.
- Let me spell it out for you.
paper over
Inseparable · paper over (something)
hide a disagreement without solving it
Palabras parecidas: cover up, gloss over
- The agreement may paper over deeper divisions.
- They tried to paper over the cracks.
boil down to
Inseparable · boil down to (something)
be reduced to the essential point
Palabras parecidas: come down to, amount to
- The dispute may boil down to trust.
- It all boils down to money.
lash out at
Inseparable · lash out at (someone)
criticise or attack someone angrily
Palabras parecidas: attack, hit out at
- The minister may lash out at the press.
- She lashed out at her critics.
harp on
No object · harp on (about something)
keep talking about the same subject in an annoying way
Palabras parecidas: go on, keep on
- He always harps on about his salary.
- Don't harp on about the past.
hark back to
Inseparable · hark back to (something)
remind people of something from the past
Palabras parecidas: recall, evoke
- The design harks back to the 1950s.
- Her speech harked back to an earlier crisis.
rail against
Inseparable · rail against (something)
complain angrily and at length about something
Palabras parecidas: rant about, protest against
- Editors railed against the new law.
- He rails against modern life.
rant on
No object · rant on (about something) · informal
talk angrily and for a long time
Palabras parecidas: rave, go on
- She ranted on about the delay.
- He kept ranting on for an hour.
trot out
Separable · trot (something) out
repeat an old idea or excuse without much thought
Palabras parecidas: repeat, recite
- Politicians trot out the same slogans.
- He trotted the usual excuse out.
trump up
Separable · trump (something) up
invent a false charge or reason
Palabras parecidas: fabricate
- They trumped up charges against him.
- The reason was trumped up.
bandy about
Separable · bandy (something) about
mention an idea or word often and casually
Palabras parecidas: throw around
- The figure was bandied about in the press.
- They bandy the word about too freely.
hold forth
No object · hold forth (on something)
speak for a long time, often in an opinionated way
Palabras parecidas: lecture, pontificate
- He held forth on politics all evening.
- She loves to hold forth about food.
speak for
Inseparable · speak for (someone or something)
express the views of someone, or prove something
Palabras parecidas: represent
- I can only speak for myself.
- The results speak for themselves.
bear out
Separable · bear (something) out
show that something is true
Palabras parecidas: confirm, support
- The evidence bears out her story.
- Later events bore his fears out.
tie in with
Inseparable · tie in with (something)
fit or be connected with something
Palabras parecidas: fit with, match
- The story ties in with what we heard.
- Do these dates tie in with your records?
allow for
Inseparable · allow for (something)
include something in your plans or calculations
Palabras parecidas: take into account
- You must allow for delays.
- The budget allows for some extra costs.
factor in
Separable · factor (something) in
include something in your calculations
Palabras parecidas: include, take into account
- Don't forget to factor in travel time.
- They factored the cost in.
zero in on
Inseparable · zero in on (something)
focus closely on one target or issue
Palabras parecidas: home in on, focus on
- The inquiry will zero in on procurement.
- Police zeroed in on one suspect.
home in on
Inseparable · home in on (something)
move directly towards a target, or focus on a point
Palabras parecidas: zero in on
- The missile homed in on its target.
- The report homes in on the main problem.
hinge on
Inseparable · hinge on (something)
depend completely on something
Palabras parecidas: depend on, rest on
- Everything hinges on the vote.
- His future hinges on this one test.
hang on to
Inseparable · hang on to (something)
keep something and not let it go
Palabras parecidas: keep, retain
- Hang on to your ticket.
- She hung on to her hopes.
stem from
Inseparable · stem from (something)
have its origin in something
Palabras parecidas: originate in, derive from
- His anger stems from years of unfair treatment.
- Most problems stem from poor planning.
amount to
Inseparable · amount to (something)
be equal to something in total or effect
Palabras parecidas: add up to, total
- The costs amount to two million.
- His reply amounts to a refusal.
add up to
Inseparable · add up to (something)
make a total of something, or result in something
Palabras parecidas: total, amount to
- The bills add up to a lot.
- These small changes add up to a big difference.
set apart
Separable · set (someone or something) apart
make someone or something different from others
Palabras parecidas: distinguish
- Her honesty sets her apart.
- What sets this school apart is its music.
hold sway
No object · hold sway · formal
have great influence or power
Palabras parecidas: dominate, rule
- Old ideas still hold sway here.
- The party held sway for decades.
pass off as
Separable · pass (something) off as (something)
present something as something it is not
Palabras parecidas: disguise as
- He passed the copy off as the original.
- She tried to pass off the mistake as a joke.
rein in
Separable · rein (something) in
bring something under control
Palabras parecidas: restrain, control
- The bank must rein in risky lending.
- They reined spending in.
weed out
Separable · weed (something) out
remove unsuitable people or things
Palabras parecidas: eliminate, remove
- The test is designed to weed out weak applications.
- They weeded the poor players out.
stave off
Separable · stave (something) off
prevent something bad for a time
Palabras parecidas: ward off, delay
- The loan may stave off bankruptcy.
- She staved hunger off with a snack.
ward off
Separable · ward (something) off
keep something harmful away
Palabras parecidas: fend off, avert
- Garlic is said to ward off evil.
- Vitamins may ward off colds.
head off
Separable · head (something) off
prevent something by acting early
Palabras parecidas: avert, forestall
- The manager headed off a strike.
- They headed the crisis off.
shore up
Separable · shore (something) up
strengthen something that is weak
Palabras parecidas: reinforce, support
- The bank shored up its finances.
- They shored the wall up with wood.
prop up
Separable · prop (something) up
support something that would otherwise fail
Palabras parecidas: sustain, support
- The government props up failing firms.
- He propped the door up with a book.
ride out
Separable · ride (something) out
survive a difficult time without being badly hurt
Palabras parecidas: survive, weather
- The company rode out the recession.
- We rode the storm out at home.
see out
Separable · see (something) out
last until the end of something
Palabras parecidas: survive
- The old coat should see out the winter.
- She saw the year out in her post.
usher in
Separable · usher (something) in · formal
mark the start of something new
Palabras parecidas: herald, introduce
- The invention ushered in a new age.
- The treaty ushered a period of peace in.
tail off
No object · tail off
gradually become smaller or weaker
Palabras parecidas: decline, dwindle
- Interest in the show tailed off.
- Her voice tailed off into silence.
taper off
No object · taper off
gradually become less in amount or force
Palabras parecidas: diminish
- Sales tapered off in the summer.
- The rain tapered off by noon.
level off
No object · level off
stop rising or falling and stay steady
Palabras parecidas: flatten out, stabilise
- Prices levelled off last year.
- The graph levels off after March.
ease off
No object · ease off
become less strong, busy or severe
Palabras parecidas: slacken, subside
- The pain started to ease off.
- Traffic eases off after nine.
die down
No object · die down
become less strong or active
Palabras parecidas: subside, calm down
- The wind died down at night.
- Let's wait until the noise dies down.
peter out
No object · peter out
gradually come to an end
Palabras parecidas: fizzle out, dwindle
- The path petered out in the forest.
- Their conversation petered out.
kick in
No object · kick in · informal
begin to take effect
Palabras parecidas: start working, take effect
- The medicine should kick in soon.
- New tax rules kick in next month.
jack up
Separable · jack (something) up · informal
raise something, especially prices
Palabras parecidas: raise, increase
- Shops jacked up prices before the holiday.
- They jacked the rent up.
drum up
Separable · drum (something) up
work hard to get support or business
Palabras parecidas: generate, round up
- She tried to drum up support.
- We need to drum some business up.
beef up
Separable · beef (something) up · informal
make something stronger or more effective
Palabras parecidas: strengthen, reinforce
- The company will beef up security.
- They beefed the team up with new staff.
tap into
Inseparable · tap into (something)
make use of a resource or source
Palabras parecidas: exploit, draw on
- Brands tap into young people's habits.
- She tapped into her savings.
draw on
Inseparable · draw on (something)
use knowledge, experience or money that you have
Palabras parecidas: use, rely on
- The author draws on her own childhood.
- You can draw on the emergency fund.
build on
Inseparable · build on (something)
use an earlier success as a base for more progress
Palabras parecidas: develop
- We can build on last year's results.
- The course builds on what you already know.
chip away at
Inseparable · chip away at (something)
gradually make something smaller or weaker
Palabras parecidas: erode, wear down
- Rising costs chip away at profits.
- She chipped away at the pile of work.
bog down
Separable · bog (someone or something) down
stop progress because of too many difficulties
Palabras parecidas: hinder, stall
- Paperwork bogged the project down.
- Don't get bogged down in details.
drag out
Separable · drag (something) out
make something last longer than necessary
Palabras parecidas: prolong, extend
- Lawyers dragged the case out.
- Don't drag out the speech.
dole out
Separable · dole (something) out
give out something in small amounts
Palabras parecidas: hand out, distribute
- Volunteers doled out soup.
- He doles advice out freely.
hold out for
Inseparable · hold out for (something)
refuse to accept less than you want
Palabras parecidas: insist on
- The union will hold out for better terms.
- She held out for a higher salary.
square up to
Inseparable · square up to (something)
face a difficulty or opponent directly
Palabras parecidas: confront, face up to
- The board must square up to the deficit.
- He squared up to the problem.
fall short of
Inseparable · fall short of (something)
fail to reach a standard or target
Palabras parecidas: fail to meet
- Sales fell short of the target.
- The result fell short of her hopes.
fall foul of
Inseparable · fall foul of (something) · mostly British
get into trouble by breaking a rule
Palabras parecidas: break
- The firm fell foul of the law.
- He fell foul of the new rules.
abide by
Inseparable · abide by (something) · formal
accept and follow a rule or decision
Palabras parecidas: obey, comply with
- You must abide by the rules.
- Both sides will abide by the ruling.
act on
Inseparable · act on (something)
do something because of advice or information
Palabras parecidas: follow, respond to
- The police acted on a tip-off.
- She acted on her lawyer's advice.
defer to
Inseparable · defer to (someone) · formal
accept someone's opinion or decision out of respect
Palabras parecidas: yield to, submit to
- I defer to her experience.
- He deferred to the board's decision.
cut across
Inseparable · cut across (something)
affect different groups or divide a subject differently
Palabras parecidas: transcend
- The issue cuts across party lines.
- Her appeal cuts across all ages.
creep up on
Inseparable · creep up on (someone)
happen slowly so that someone does not notice
Palabras parecidas: sneak up on
- Old age creeps up on you.
- The deadline crept up on us.
conjure up
Separable · conjure (something) up
make an image or feeling appear in your mind
Palabras parecidas: evoke, summon
- The smell conjured up memories.
- The word conjures a strong image up.
crop up
No object · crop up
appear or happen without warning
Palabras parecidas: arise, come up
- Problems crop up all the time.
- His name cropped up in the discussion.
delve into
Inseparable · delve into (something)
search deeply for information
Palabras parecidas: investigate, dig into
- She delved into the archives.
- The book delves into the origins of the war.
dig into
Inseparable · dig into (something)
examine something in great detail
Palabras parecidas: investigate
- Reporters dug into the minister's past.
- Let's dig into the numbers.
root out
Separable · root (something) out
find and remove something bad
Palabras parecidas: eradicate, eliminate
- The police want to root out corruption.
- They rooted the problem out.
plan out
Separable · plan (something) out
plan something carefully in detail
Palabras parecidas: map out
- He planned out each day.
- Let's plan the route out.
map out
Separable · map (something) out
plan something in detail
Palabras parecidas: plan out, outline
- She mapped out her career.
- They mapped the strategy out.
muddle through
No object · muddle through
manage to do something without much skill or planning
Palabras parecidas: scrape by, get by
- We will muddle through somehow.
- He muddled through the presentation.
lighten up
No object · lighten up · informal
become less serious
Palabras parecidas: relax, chill out
- Lighten up, it's only a game!
- The mood began to lighten up.
opt in
No object · opt in (to something)
choose to take part in something
Palabras parecidas: sign up
- Users must opt in to emails.
- Staff may opt in to the scheme.
fob off
Separable · fob (someone) off · informal
make someone accept something by giving an excuse
Palabras parecidas: put off, palm off
- They fobbed us off with an excuse.
- Don't let them fob you off.
cry off
No object · cry off · mostly British
cancel an arrangement you agreed to
Palabras parecidas: back out, withdraw
- She cried off at the last minute.
- He cried off from the dinner.
buckle down
No object · buckle down
begin to work with determination
Palabras parecidas: apply yourself
- The team needs to buckle down this week.
- She buckled down to her studies.
knuckle down
No object · knuckle down
start working seriously
Palabras parecidas: buckle down, get serious
- Students must knuckle down before finals.
- It's time to knuckle down.
plough through
Inseparable · plough through (something)
work through something long or difficult
Palabras parecidas: wade through
- She had to plough through the legal files.
- He ploughed through the report.
eke out
Separable · eke (something) out
obtain just enough with difficulty, or make a supply last
Palabras parecidas: scrape, stretch
- The team managed to eke out a narrow win.
- He eked a living out from fishing.
cotton on to
Inseparable · cotton on to (something) · informal
begin to understand something hidden
Palabras parecidas: catch on to, realise
- Analysts may cotton on to the pattern.
- She soon cottoned on to the trick.
churn out
Separable · churn (something) out
produce large amounts quickly and routinely
Palabras parecidas: pump out, mass-produce
- The site can churn out cheap articles.
- Factories churn millions of cans out.
talk down to
Inseparable · talk down to (someone)
speak as if someone is less intelligent
Palabras parecidas: patronise
- Do not talk down to experienced staff.
- He talks down to his customers.
whittle down
Separable · whittle (something) down
gradually reduce the size or number of something
Palabras parecidas: reduce, pare down
- Judges whittled down the list to three.
- They whittled the costs down.
bank on
Inseparable · bank on (something)
rely on something happening
Palabras parecidas: count on, depend on
- Don't bank on good weather.
- We are banking on your help.
bail out
Separable · bail (someone or something) out
rescue someone or something from financial or other trouble
Palabras parecidas: rescue, save
- The government bailed out the bank.
- My parents bailed me out again.
back out of
Inseparable · back out of (something)
decide not to do something you agreed to do
Palabras parecidas: withdraw from
- He backed out of the deal.
- She backed out of the trip.
buy into
Inseparable · buy into (something)
accept an idea or belief, or buy a share in a business
Palabras parecidas: accept, believe in
- Few people bought into his theory.
- They bought into the company in 2018.
blot out
Separable · blot (something) out
hide something completely so that it cannot be seen
Palabras parecidas: obscure, hide
- Clouds blotted out the sun.
- She tried to blot the memory out.
brush aside
Separable · brush (something) aside
refuse to take something seriously
Palabras parecidas: dismiss
- He brushed aside their concerns.
- The chair brushed the objection aside.
brush off
Separable · brush (someone or something) off
ignore a person or remark in an unfriendly way
Palabras parecidas: dismiss, snub
- She brushed off the compliment.
- He brushed her off politely.
bottle up
Separable · bottle (something) up
keep your feelings hidden instead of expressing them
Palabras parecidas: suppress, repress
- Don't bottle up your anger.
- He bottled his worries up.
cast aside
Separable · cast (something or someone) aside · formal
get rid of something or someone no longer wanted
Palabras parecidas: discard, abandon
- They cast aside the old rules.
- She was cast aside after the scandal.
chalk up
Separable · chalk (something) up
achieve or record a score, win or total
Palabras parecidas: achieve, record
- The team chalked up another win.
- He chalked three goals up.
buckle under
Inseparable · buckle under (something)
give way because of pressure
Palabras parecidas: give in, collapse
- The bridge buckled under the weight.
- She buckled under the stress.
blow over
No object · blow over
slowly stop being important or noticed
Palabras parecidas: pass, subside
- The scandal will soon blow over.
- The storm blew over by morning.
boil over
No object · boil over
become too excited or angry to control
Palabras parecidas: erupt
- Tensions boiled over into a fight.
- The milk boiled over.
bargain for
Inseparable · bargain for (something)
expect something to happen
Palabras parecidas: expect, anticipate
- I got more than I bargained for.
- They hadn't bargained for such a long delay.
fall back
No object · fall back (on something)
retreat, or use something as a reserve
Palabras parecidas: retreat, resort
- The army fell back to the river.
- We can fall back on our savings.
seize up
No object · seize up
stop working smoothly or become stuck
Palabras parecidas: jam, stall
- The engine seized up.
- His back seized up after the run.
sweep aside
Separable · sweep (something) aside
remove or ignore something that is in the way
Palabras parecidas: dismiss, brush aside
- She swept aside all objections.
- They swept the old rules aside.
shy away from
Inseparable · shy away from (something)
avoid something because you are nervous about it
Palabras parecidas: avoid, recoil from
- She doesn't shy away from difficult questions.
- Don't shy away from the truth.
get round
Inseparable · get round (something)
find a way to avoid a problem or rule
Palabras parecidas: circumvent, bypass
- They found a way to get round the law.
- How can we get round this obstacle?
smooth over
Separable · smooth (something) over
make a difficult situation easier
Palabras parecidas: patch up, calm
- She tried to smooth over the argument.
- He smoothed things over with the client.
patch up
Separable · patch (something) up
repair something quickly, or end a quarrel
Palabras parecidas: mend, repair
- They patched up their friendship.
- The doctors patched him up.
bear up
No object · bear up
stay strong in a difficult situation
Palabras parecidas: cope, hold up
- How is she bearing up after the loss?
- He bore up well under the pressure.
butt in
No object · butt in · informal
interrupt a conversation or interfere rudely
Palabras parecidas: interrupt, cut in
- Sorry to butt in, but I disagree.
- He kept butting in on our talk.
draw back
No object · draw back
move away, or decide not to do something
Palabras parecidas: recoil, retreat
- She drew back in alarm.
- The bank drew back from the deal.
dust off
Separable · dust (something) off
start using something again after a long time
Palabras parecidas: revive, bring back
- He dusted off his old guitar.
- They dusted the plan off after ten years.
eat away at
Inseparable · eat away at (something)
slowly damage or destroy something
Palabras parecidas: erode, corrode
- Rust is eating away at the bridge.
- Guilt ate away at him for years.
face off
No object · face off (against someone)
meet in a direct contest or confrontation
Palabras parecidas: confront, compete
- The two leaders will face off on television.
- The teams face off in the final.
firm up
Separable · firm (something) up
make plans or details more certain
Palabras parecidas: finalise, confirm
- We need to firm up the schedule.
- They firmed the offer up by Friday.
flare up
No object · flare up
suddenly become worse or more intense
Palabras parecidas: erupt, break out
- Her asthma flares up in spring.
- Fighting flared up again near the border.
gear up
No object · gear up (for something)
get ready for a big event or effort
Palabras parecidas: prepare, get ready
- The shops are gearing up for Christmas.
- She geared up for the final exam.
grow into
Inseparable · grow into (something)
become more suited to a role or to clothes as you get older
Palabras parecidas: develop into
- She will grow into the job.
- The coat is big, but he'll grow into it.
grow on
Inseparable · grow on (someone)
slowly become more pleasing to someone
Palabras parecidas: win favour with
- The song began to grow on me.
- The town grew on her over time.
hold against
Separable · hold (something) against (someone)
judge someone badly because of something in the past
Palabras parecidas: blame for, resent
- I won't hold it against you.
- Don't hold his mistake against him.
jump at
Inseparable · jump at (something)
accept a chance very eagerly
Palabras parecidas: leap at, seize
- She jumped at the offer.
- Most people would jump at the chance.
let up
No object · let up
become less strong or stop for a while
Palabras parecidas: ease off, subside
- The rain didn't let up all day.
- Work never seems to let up.
pencil in
Separable · pencil (something) in
arrange something for now, but may change it later
Palabras parecidas: pencil-book, provisionally book
- Let's pencil in Friday for the meeting.
- I've pencilled you in for ten o'clock.
pick through
Inseparable · pick through (something)
search carefully among many things
Palabras parecidas: sift through, rummage through
- He picked through the rubbish for his keys.
- Volunteers picked through the debris.
play out
No object · play out
happen or develop to the end
Palabras parecidas: unfold, run its course
- We watched the drama play out on screen.
- The dispute played out over several months.
seal off
Separable · seal (a place) off
close an area so that nobody can enter or leave
Palabras parecidas: cordon off, block off
- Police sealed off the street.
- They sealed the building off after the fire.
sober up
No object · sober up
become less drunk
Palabras parecidas: dry out
- He needs time to sober up.
- She sobered up after a strong coffee.
stamp out
Separable · stamp (something) out
put an end to something harmful
Palabras parecidas: eradicate, suppress
- The government wants to stamp out corruption.
- They stamped the fire out quickly.
step aside
No object · step aside
leave an important job so another person can take it
Palabras parecidas: resign, make way
- The chairman agreed to step aside.
- She stepped aside in favour of a younger colleague.
suck up to
Inseparable · suck up to (someone) · informal, disapproving
praise someone to win their favour
Palabras parecidas: flatter, fawn over
- He always sucks up to the boss.
- Nobody likes people who suck up to teachers.
tip off
Separable · tip (someone) off
give someone secret information or a warning
Palabras parecidas: warn, alert
- Someone tipped the police off.
- A friend tipped off the reporter.
tune out
Separable · tune (something) out
stop paying attention to something
Palabras parecidas: ignore, block out
- I learned to tune out the traffic noise.
- He tuned the speech out completely.
weigh in
No object · weigh in (on something)
join a discussion and give your opinion
Palabras parecidas: chip in, contribute
- Experts weighed in on the debate.
- Fans weighed in with their views online.
rope in
Separable · rope (someone) in · informal
persuade someone to help with something
Palabras parecidas: enlist, draft in
- I got roped in to organise the party.
- They roped a neighbour in to help.
rub in
Separable · rub (something) in · informal
keep reminding someone of a failure
Palabras parecidas: go on about
- I know I lost; don't rub it in.
- He loves to rub in his victories.
shut out
Separable · shut (someone) out
keep someone away from a place or a group
Palabras parecidas: exclude, lock out
- Don't shut your family out at a time like this.
- The fence shuts out the noise.
get in on
Inseparable · get in on (something)
become involved in something that looks like a good chance
Palabras parecidas: join in
- Many investors want to get in on the new project.
- She wanted to get in on the deal.
get after
Inseparable · get after (someone) · informal
keep telling someone to do something they should do
Palabras parecidas: nag
- Her mother got after her about her homework.
- I'll get after the contractors tomorrow.
take against
Inseparable · take against (someone / something) · mainly British
start to dislike someone or something for no good reason
Palabras parecidas: turn against
- The dog took against the postman.
- For some reason she took against her new boss.
take up with
Inseparable · take up with (someone) · old-fashioned
start spending time with someone, often someone others do not approve of
Palabras parecidas: fall in with
- He took up with a rough crowd.
- She took up with an older artist.
put by
Separable · put (something) by
save money for the future
Palabras parecidas: set aside, save
- They put a little money by each month.
- He had put some savings by for a rainy day.
put over
Separable · put (something) over
explain an idea so that people understand it
Palabras parecidas: get across, convey
- She knows how to put her ideas over well.
- He put over his message with humour.
put up to
Separable · put (someone) up to (something)
encourage someone to do something wrong or foolish
Palabras parecidas: egg on, incite
- Who put you up to this prank?
- His friends put him up to climbing the gate.
put upon
Inseparable · be put upon
be treated unfairly because you are asked to do too much
Palabras parecidas: be taken advantage of
- She feels put upon by her relatives.
- I'm tired of being put upon at work.
